What Is Endometrial Biopsy?
Endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect a small sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium). The sample is then examined under a microscope to evaluate the health of the uterine lining and detect abnormalities.
When Is This Procedure Needed?
Endometrial biopsy may be recommended for:
- Investigating abnormal uterine bleeding.
- Checking for endometrial hyperplasia (overgrowth of the uterine lining).
- Diagnosing endometrial cancer or precancerous changes.
- Evaluating infertility by assessing the endometrium’s receptivity.
- Monitoring the effects of hormonal therapy.
Procedure Overview
- Preparation – Usually performed in the doctor’s office without anesthesia (some patients may take a pain reliever beforehand).
- Speculum Insertion – A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
- Cervical Entry – A thin, flexible tube (pipelle) is gently inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity.
- Tissue Collection – Suction is applied to collect a small sample of endometrial tissue.
- Sample Analysis – The sample is sent to a pathology lab for microscopic evaluation.
Benefits
- Quick and relatively simple office procedure.
- Provides important diagnostic information about the uterine lining.
- No need for surgical incision or general anesthesia.
Risks & Considerations
- Cramping or mild discomfort during the procedure.
- Light vaginal bleeding or spotting afterward.
- Rare risk of infection or uterine perforation.
- Not recommended during pregnancy or with untreated pelvic infection.